What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?

The atrioventricular (AV) node plays a crucial role in the heart's electrical conduction system, specifically in managing the timing of heart contractions. Its primary function is to slow down electrical impulses that are generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node before these impulses are transmitted to the ventricles. This delayed conduction allows the atria sufficient time to fully contract and pump blood into the ventricles, ensuring proper filling of the ventricles before they contract.

By performing this regulatory function, the AV node effectively coordinates the timing of atrial and ventricular contractions, which is essential for maintaining an efficient and effective heartbeat. This helps to optimize blood flow throughout the heart and the rest of the body.